Coking retort oven



. 2l, 1937. 1 BECKER 2,102,69

coKING RETORT ovEN Filed July 9, 1935 4 sheets-Sheet 2 mATTORNEY.

m. g 5 5 M@ a mi g 1 6 g 2 e y 1. 2,. s f w27/5,2 /V//f//UM/ 2 7%/ md 2l, 93?. 1,v BECKER 2,102,608

COKIN@ RETORT OVEN Filed July 9, 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 REVERJ I NG CA EL? INVENTOR. Josep/2 .Bec/rer:

l l "If 134K l l l 1 I 1 @ya alE Mu al ATTORNEY.

4J. BECKER 2,102,608

lCOKING RETORT OVEN Filed July 9, 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR.

Josegp/y ecKe/r BY @Zr/MCL,

ATTORNEY.

Patented Dec. 21, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT oFF-ICE i coKING aE'roa'r `ovEN Application July 9, 1935, serial No. 30,533

9 Claims.

yMy invention 4relates to improvements in cokzing :retort ovens, fand more .particularly Ahorizontal `coke 'ovens ofthe cross-regenerative and un- .der-,jet .underfred type; and preferably it is ern- 36 lbodied in ovens of said type that are the Becker -crossover .ovens of my Patents 1,374,546 and, famong others, 1,904,191 vand having the under- :et ,.typehf construction exemplified in my fur- 'theriPatents 1,704,239 and 2,003,574 and in cer- {10 tain gures yof myco-pending application Serial JNO. 22,564, led January 19, 1935; and the invenition isfurther applicable to other cross-regenerative under-jet .horizontal coke ovens.

My invention has for an object the provision 515 v0f means for utilizing the ystack draft through 'the `cross-regenerative and flue systems of such Aoven batteriesto provide a uniformly distributed and positively :eiective ventilation of the substructure Ypassages in which operators manipulate the under-jet regulation devices beneath :such batteries, and at the same time to employ Y 'the .ventilation draft rfrom such passages to sup- `ply the air requirement for combustion the fovens and to ldistribute the influx of such air in ,725 "a manner thatV uniformly and constantly mod- -erates the vhigh temperature `to which the refractory pad or mat directly supporting the crossregenerators would otherwise be broughtby the intense radiation from the bases of such regen- ,30 lerators; andthe invention has for further ,objects such other operative or structural advantages or results as may be 'found to obtain in the structures and operation hereinafter described. or claimed.

35 lin-the accompanying drawings, forming a part `of this specification and showing for 'purposes of exemplicaton certain preferred forms and manner in which the'invention may be embodied and practiced, but without limiting the claimed H40 invention specifically to such illustrative instance -or instances; 1

' Figure 1 shows a longitudinal cross-section in elevation through one of theovens comprising a battery of the aforesaid cross-regenerative under-jet Becker ovens including an `embodiment `of my invention; y

Fig. 2 is a section on the line II--II of Fig. 1 and shows the underfiring arrangement of a 'plurality of ovens forming one end of an oven battery, `5() wherein the rich-gas 'introduction into the heating lues for underflring purposes is eiected using the under-jet principle, and the waste gases are flowed to the ues in the opposite heatingwall -in the Well known cross-over manner exvg emplied 4bythe above-mentioned VZBecler cross- Fig. 4 shows a plan view of the same ow-box '.510

construction.

Fig. 5 is afhorizontal sectional view through the battery on the line'V-V of Fig. 1, to show in plan the arrangement of the `subsole-channels that -my invention provides beneath the crossregene'rator sole-channels and just abovethe pad that directly supports the regenerators of the battery, to provide for the intake ofair from the battery sub-structure 'and for the distribution and delivery of 'such air to the regenerator 2O sole-channels;

Fig. 6 is a horizontal sectional view taken through the battery along lines VI-VI o-f Fig. 1 to show the arrangement of the. supporting .piers and `work-passages in the sub-structure of f f5 .the battery and also the disposition of 'the rich- 4gas main and of the' lateral Waste-gas tunnel structures von the coke-side and pusher-side respectively of the sub-structure of the battery.

Like reference numerals indicate like parts in 3b all of the above gures of thevdrawings.

The coking retort oven or oven battery comprises a series of horizontal coking-chambers I0 and intermediate heating-walls I2 therefor and side-by-side therewith, and seriesof side-by-side .3-5 regenerators I3, I4 below and paralleling the series of calling-chambers and heating-walls. The heating-walls comprise vertical heating-flues I5 disposed in sets in each heating-wall, the sets or pairs of mutually adjacent heating-walls .being .40 mutually connected by crossover-conduits I6 through which the hot combustion products or waste-heat gases from the up-ow or burning set of heating-nues in one heating-wall flow over to the down-ow set of heating-flues in the other `45 heating-wall of the pair,'the up-low being reversed and the lup-flow set becoming the downflow set and vice versa upon the reversal of the regenerative system. The aforesaid cross-regenerators, below and paralleling the series of cokg5() ing-chambers and heating walls, are directly supported on a pad 'or 'mat II and are disposed in groups of four, each group having two middle regenerators I3, I3 that may be employed4v for preheating .poor or weak gas and are flanked by .55

air regenerators I4, I4, or all four regenerators in the group I3, I3, I4, I4 may be employed for preheating air when the oven is underred with rich gas from its under-jet connections. At any given time, alternate groups of regenerators operate for up-flow of air, or of preheated gas and air, and the intermediate groups for down-flow of waste gases, these relations being reversed in each period of reversal of the regenerative system. The regenerators I3, I3 at their tops connect through ducts I'I, I'I with heating-hues in heating-walls that are on respectively opposite sides of the coking-chambers directly above such' pair of regenerators I3, I3; and the two regenerators I4, I4 which flank said regenerators I3, I3 in each group, each communicate respectively, through ducts I8, with the heating-nues in one of the said two heating-walls that are both in connection with said regenerators I3, I3. Such two heating-walls operate simultaneously in the same direction in respect ofr each other and respectively belong to two adjacent pairs of the pairs of heating-walls that are connected vby cross-over conduits I6 in the manner before described. The pillar-walls 23, supporting the battery sub-structure, that are between each pair of regenerators'IS, I4 that simultaneously operate in the same direction, are provided with gas ducts that lead from the heating-flue at the top of such pillar-wall downthrough the. pillar-wall and the underlying pad to the under-jet connections beneath the pad that communicate with the rich-gas supply conduits and main in the passages of the sub-structure of the battery.

When underring with rich gas, that is with gas which is produced as a result of the distillation or coking process, the saine is introduced into the battery structure from the gas main 20 in the battery basement. This main parallels the lengthwise axis of the battery its entire length. At intervals along this gas main and rising perpendicularly therefrom, are found the branch linesZI which are communicably connected with the distributing lines 22 situated beneath each series of vertically disposed heating flues in an oven wall and extending substantially parallel thereto the entire length of each flue series. Each kheating flue I5 (Fig. 2) is supplied at its lower end with rich Ygas by means of the vertically rising ducts I9 which extend from the branch lines 22 through the oven-pad and the regenerator pillar-walls 23, to the gas nozzles situated at the base of each flue. VThe volume 0f gasrlowing to each distributor line 22, is regulated by means of the valve 41; and graduated orifice-plates, which may be changed from time to time, are provided in the accessible lower ends of the gas-ducts that extend up from the substructure passage-ways to the bases of the individual llame-nues.

Each regenerator has the usual sole-flue 24,

vand beneath each regenerator sole-flue 24, and

extending approximately parallel therewith throughout its length, there is a Ventilating duct or subsole-channel 25 which is or structurally lies atop the oven-pad II. Those four subsolechannels 25 lying beneath the sole-flues 24 of the four regeneratorv sections serving the heatingiluesA communicably connected with one series of cross-over flues, are inter-connected by means of lateral ducts 26 near their outer ends. At the inner end of each subsole-channel and adjacent to the regenerator division wall 2 extending the lengthwise axis of the battery, there is a port 28 which connects said channel with the basement atmosphere substantially as shown. Ingress of air into the subsole-channels 25 ls controlled by preferred adjustments on the valves 29. Thus, Yall combustion air which enters the regenerator sole-nues 24, enters the battery structure at ports 28, and in passing along the subsole-channels 25, absorbs heat from the oven-pad and the brickwork at the base of the sole-flues. Having traversed the length of the subsole-channel, this air then passes through valve 30, as shown by the arrows (Fig. l) and enters the regenerator solelue 24, where it is distributed to the checkerbrick above through the communicating openings 3|.

Mechanical means are not necessary to effect the passage of air through the subsole-channel, the stack draft and chimney effect in the regeneratorsY and heating-nues being suflicient for that purpose.

For eifecting the reverse interval of gaseous flow in the regenerative heating cycle, when the former flame-nues become the waste heat ues and those regenerators which served for the inflow of air then carry the products of combustion to the stack, I have provided a novel mechanical device to accomplish the periodic flow reversal, as is shown in Figs. 3 and 4. I have also provided means for maintaining a ow of airV in those subsole-channels 25 which at one period of the heating cycle lie beneath the solelues serving to flow combustion products from the regenerators into a waste heat tunnel 32,-and which therefore do not discharge air into the regenerator sole-flues 24 above.

Referring to Figs. 3 and 4, the flow-box 33 is i;

communicably connected by means of the pipe 34 with one of the waste-heat tunnels 32, and at one end bifurcates and by suitable sleeve connections 35 and packing is held in gas-tight con.- nection with the regenerator sole-nues 24. Within each sleeve 35 is found a valve 33 which is operable by movement of the links v3S 'to open or close as preferred. Each valve 3B is provided with a valve-seat 3l. Communication between the waste-heat tunnel 32 and the regenerator sole-llues 24 is established or broken by respectively opening or closing the valve 38 situated in the flow-box 33 at its junction with pipe 34. The valve 38 may be opened or closed by raising or lowering the counter-weight 39. The two valves 35 and valve 38 contained within one ilowbox and serving two regenerator halves, are joined by the suitable lever links 36 and .43 so as to be actuated in unison by movement of the reversing cable 4I and in such manner as to close the valves 30 while opening 38 and vice versa. The damper valves 42 are manually operable to obtain preferred draft suction in either sole-flue.

As beforementioned, when air is no longer to be introduced through the valves 30 from the subsole-channels 25 into the sole-flues 24 and a new period of the heating cycle is to be initiated, the reversing cable is appropriately moved and the connecting chain moving over the pulley 43 raises the counter-weight 39, simultaneously effecting the closing of both valves 30 and opening of the valve 38, thereby establishing communication between the waste-heat tunnel 32 and the sole-flues 24.

By the same movement of the reversing cable. similar valves in the adjacent flow-box associated with the other pair of sole-nues communicating, through the other regenerators and heating-wall, with the same series of cross-over flues near the top of the battery, are moved into the reverse fenomeno .position, e., their valves 30 are opened and periods ofthe heating cycle, I inter-connect near Y same series of cross-over. conduits I6,

valve ,301s closed, thus permitting airA to flow from the subsole-channels 25 into the regenerator soleiiues on the opposite side of the. Viow reversal iplane.` .1

Fromthe aforegiven description ofmy invention ,it` is vapparent vthat the ow of air through the cycle, therefore, relatively little beneficial effect would be obtained from the presence of one-half of these Ventilating means in the battery structure. To obviate this situation, and provide a flow of air in all subsole-channels during both their outer ends by meansof the ducts 26, the subsolef-channels beneath those sole-lues which alternately supply air to or carry the products of combustion from those heatingiiues which are communicably connected as aforesaid by the In this manner, all said subsole-channels are provided witha free flow path to; the stackV at all times; alternately, through the sole-flues directly above or by way of the ducts 26 and the adjacently associated subsole-channelsfy I Y f In thisembodiment of my invention, there is no direct communication between the air flowboxes and the al1eyways,44. All air introduced into the battery for combustion purposesis drawn fromv the battery basement passages 45, which air as it is withdrawn, is replaced by air flowing fromV the alley-ways 44, `over the fiow-boxesand intothe basement passages 45, as shown by the x arrows inFig. 1. A yconstantly ,changing flow of cool air through the alley-ways 44, the battery sub-structure passages A and the subsolechannels 25 is thereby maintained which serves to cool these parts vof the 4battery structure and `give proper operating conditions therein. r Y,

In my invention, theacombustion air for the battery is constantly Withdrawn from points substantially median of and distributed along the vbasement roof from one end to the otherof the battery, and the airis drawn from directions that extend crosswise of the battery, from the open-topped valley-.wayson Athe pusher-sider and coke-side respectively toward the median line of intakes to the subsole-channels, so thatnotonly is the warmest air inthe sub-structure basement passages removed rstlbut `also the withdrawal is 1 uniformly distributed over the Whole area and kis battery underfiring, and at such ratethe` airwill be completely changed' every four or ve minutes in the basement space. a

Not only does my invention provide a positive and effective means of .cooling the basement structure of `a battery of the V aforementioned type,]but as will beV appreciated byV reference ,to

Fig. 5, asubstantial. proportion of" the zone between the oven-pad and the sub-structure coinprises air spaces, which are good insulation media, serving as a barrier against heat transfer'from the regenerators to the pad and basement structure beneath, the efficiency of Which is augmented by the fact that the air is continuously changing therein and being replaced by air at a lower temperature.

To facilitate removal of dust or the like which may be deposited by the air passing through the Ventilating channels and also make accessible for adjustments the valve 30, the removable plate 46 is provided. An air blast or any preferred means may be used to effect the dust removal.

The invention as hereinabove set forth is embodied in particular form and manner but may be variously embodied within the scope of the claims hereinafter made.

I claim:

1. A battery of horizontal coking retort ovens comprising, in combination, a series of alternate coking chambers and intermediate heating walls therefor arranged side-by-side, a series ofl crossregenerators therefor beneath and paralleling' the same with sole channelsv at the bottom of and communicating through ports with the regenerators, a structural pad supporting said regener-A ators and itself supported above a sub-structure providing accessible passageways throughout the basement of the battery, a system of under-jet firing for said heating walls comprising fuel gas rconnections leading from the basement directly tothe heating ilues and accessible from the basement and valved` air-conduit connections leading from the lbasement to the sole flues of the regenerators for conveying the air for combustion from the basement to the sole fines of the regenerators fcrpreheating for combustion, and awaste gas flue alongside the basement on at least one longitudinal side of the battery and hayingvalved connections withvthe sole ilues of the regenerators Y for olf-flow of wastev gas from the regenerators,

er-side and coke-side of the basement directly below the structural pad for indraft of the oombustion air requirements of the battery into the basement from the outside atmosphere, the air inlets for substantially all of the air-conduit connections which lead from the basement to the sole fiues of the regenerators being arranged and concentrated at substantially the region of the lengthwlsemiddle of the top partof the basement so as to maintain throughout the basement, from the side openings atrthe cooler longitudinal cokeand pusher-sides ofthe battery all ythe'way'into the warmer lengthwise middle region of the basement, Ventilating cross-drafts of the total volume ofjcombustion airrfor the basement regenerator air inlets, with all air supplied to the regenerators from the basement by'theregenerator sole flue air inlets therein A, confined to air substantially solely from sole flue air inlets at the warmer lengthwise middle region of the basement.

2. Inl a battery ofV horizontal coking retort evenmin combination: a series of alternate cokingchambers and intermediate heating-walls Y thei'efoi'arranged side-by-sicle in a row, a series of cross-regenerators beneath and paralleling the same. with solo channelsat the bottom of and communicating through ports Awith the lregenerators, a structural pad supporting saidrregenerators and sole channels and itself supported above a sub-structure providing accessible passage-ways of under-jet ring for said heating-walls and accessible in said passage-ways, and series of subsole-channels intermediate the pad and the sole channels of the regenerator-chambers and paralleling the latter, said subsole-channels havregenerators and their sole channels and the ports communicably connecting the sole and the sub-sole channels being soy located relative to each other as to cause a ow of air through the subsole channels and thence through the sole channels from the air inlets to the sub-sole channels at the longitudinal median line of said row, and openings along the pusher-side and coke-side of the basement for in-draft oi air from the outside atmosphere and maintaining through the basement cross-drafts from said side openings at the longitudinal sides of said row to said subsolechannel intakes along the middle of the basement roof at the longitudinal median line of said row'.

3. A coke oven battery as in claim 2 and having waste-heat valve-means communicably connected with the sole channels for contro-lling outiiow of waste heat from the sole channels, and having valve means for closing the ports of the subsolechannels between the sole channels and the subsole channels for disconnecting the latter from the sole-channels with which they-directly communicate through such ports, when the aforesaid waste-heat valve-means are open during the waste-heat outflow periods of the reversal of the regenerators served by such sole-channels.

4. In a battery of' horizontal coking Vretort ovens, in combination: a series of alternatecoking-chambers and intermediate heating-walls therefor arranged side-by-side in a row, a series of cross-regenerators beneath and paralleling the same and having sole-channels individual to and under the respective regenerator-chambers, a structural pad supporting said regenerators and itself supported above a sub-structure providing accessible passage-ways throughout the basement of the'battery, a system of under-jet ring for said heating-Walls and accessible in saidpassageways, and series of sub-sole channels intermediate the pad and the sole-channels of the regenerators and paralleling the latter, said subsole-channels having ports for direct communication with the sole-channels of the regenerators and having airinlets arranged for intake of air along the middle of therbasement roof midway'the longitudinal sides of said row; the communicating ports between the regenerators and their sole channels and the ports communicably connecting the Vsole and the sub-sole channels being so located rela, tive to each other as to cause a ow of air through the sub-sole channels and thence through the Ysole channels from the air inlets to the sub-sole channels at the longitudinal median line of said row, and openings along the pusher-side andV coke-side of the basement for in-'draft of air from the o-utside atmosphere and maintaining through the basement cross-drafts from said side openings at the longitudinal sides of said row to said subsole-channel intakes along the middle of theV basement roof midway the longitudinal Sides of said row.

5. In a battery of horizontal coking retort ovens, in combination: a series of side-by-side coking chambers and intermediate heating-walls throughout lthe basement of thebattery, asystem therefor arranged 'in al row, a series of cross-regenerators beneath and paralleling the same with sole-channels at the bottoms of and communicating through ports with the regenerators, a structural pad supporting said regenerators and solechannels and itself supported above a sub-structure providing accessible passage-Ways throughout the basement of the battery, a system of under-jet ring for said heating walls and accessible vin said passage-ways, and series of subchannels adjacent the structural pad and below the regenerator-chambers and paralleling the sole-channels of the latter, said sub-channels communicating through ports with the sole-channels of the regenerators and having air-inlets arranged for intake of air along the middle line of the basement roof midway of the longitudinal sides of said row, the communicating ports between the regenerators and their sole channels and the ports communicably connecting lthe sole and the sub-sole channels being so located relative to each other as to cause a iiow of air through the sub-sole channels and thence through the sole channels from the air inlets tol the sub-sole channelsat the longitudinal median line of said row, and openings along the pusher-side and coke-side of the basement for in-draft of air from the outside atmosphere and maintaining through the basement cross-drafts from said side openings to said sub-channel intakes along the middleA line-ofthe basement roof midway of the longi- `tudinal sides of 'said row.

6. A coke oven battery as in claim Sand having waste-heat tunnels directly communicating -valve-controlled connections at the outer ends of the sole channelsV for the ports between. the solechannelsof the regenerators and sub-channels,

and having the air supply Vmeans so adapted thereto as to have the whole air-requirement of the battery supplied to the regenerators from the sole channels through saidsub-channels and the separate valve-controlled connections for the said ports. 4

7. In a coking oven retort battery of crossregenerative coklng ovens supported on a structural supporting pad and providing a basement beneath the pad, said battery being adapted for underring according to the under-jet principle, means for Ventilating the basement by withdrawing from the basement at the longitudinal median of the battery the air required in the underiiring combustion reaction, comprising: subsole-channels beneath the sole-channels of the regenerators and; extending substantially parallel to -and adjacent" the sole-channels in their lengthwise dimension, the subsole-,channels having discharging ports near the longitudinal sides of the battery for communicable connection there with'the regenerator sole-channels and having inlets communicating with the basement roof near the lengthwise axis of the battery, waste-heat valve- Vmeans for opening and closing communication of the sole channels with Vwaste-heat withdrawal means therefor,r and valve means 'for closing the ports between the sub-sole channels andV the sole channels when the waste-heat valve-means therefor are open and for opening said ports when the Waste-heat valve means are closed, that seriesv of subsole-channels beneath regenerators which alternately supply'air to or carry the products of combustion from the Vsame series of oven heating iiues Vbeing inter-connectednear their discharging ports thereby providing regenerator communication to'all such subsole-channels during both periods ofthe regenerative heating cycle.

8. Means for continuously changing the air inV the alley-ways and basement structure of a coking oven retort battery of cross-regenerative coking ovens of the under-jet underflring type supported on a structural pad with an accessible basement beneath, comprising: communicating open-ways between the outer atmosphere and the alley-Ways and basement, a series of sub-sole channels beneath the underring regenerator sole-channels and contiguous with the battery supporting pad and extending substantially parallel to the length- Wise axis of the sole-channels and adjacent thereto, said sub-sole channels having discharging ports near the sides of the battery and communicably connected with the regenerator solechannels and having inlet ports communicating with the basement at points near the longitudinal median line of the battery, means for controlling the flow of the basement air .into said sub-sole channels at their inlet ports, valve-controlledmeans for withdrawing combustion products alternately from the sole channels on either side of the ovens underlring flow-reversal planes, valvecontrolled-means for introducing the basement derived air from the sub-sole channels alternately into the sole channels on either side of the ovens flow-reversal planes, inter-connecting means between those sub-sole channels beneath regenerator sole-channels alternately supplying air to or carrying the combustion products from the same series of oven heating lues, thereby providing a continuous flow at all times of air through subsole channels on both sides of the ovens underring flow-reversal planes from the side openways into the alley-Ways and across the battery basement and into the battery underfiring system at the longitudinal median lineof the battery.

9. In a coking oven retort battery comprising a row ofv cross-regenerative coking chambers supported on a structural supporting pad elevated above accessible basement passage-ways, the chambers extending substantially parallel with and alternately disposed between a series of vertically disposed heating flues, with regenerators beneath, the underring ow reversal planes being substantially parallel with the lengthwise axis Y of the coking chambers, beneath the regenerator sole-channels and contiguous with the pad, a series of subsole-channels having discharging ports porting intof the regenerator sole-channels near the longitudinal sides of said row and having inlet ports communicating with the basement air near the longitudinal median line of said row and adapted to carry the air underiring requirement of the battery, those subsole-channels which port into the regenerator sole-channels which alternately carry combustion air to or the products oi combustion from communicating heating ilues being inter-connected for communication with each other near their discharging ports, means for alternately on each side of the flow reversal plane establishing communication between the regenerator sole-channels and the waste-heat tunnel or the regenerator sole-channels and the underlying subsole-channel series.

JOSEPH BECKER. 

